Calculating Empires

A Genealogy of Technology and Power Since 1500

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  • Audio Tour
    • How to read the map
  • Topics
    • Communication and Computation
      • Communication devices
      • Interfaces
      • Communication infrastructure
      • Data organization
      • Algorithms
      • Models
      • Human computers
      • Hardware
      • Unconventional computing
    • Control and Classification
      • Time
      • Education
      • Emotions and intelligence
      • Human bodies
      • Biometrics
      • Medical
      • Prison
      • Policing
      • Borders
      • Bureaucracy
      • Colonialism
      • Political and economic systems
      • Production
      • Energy and resources
      • Lithosphere
      • Atmosphere and hydrosphere
      • Biosphere
      • Astrosphere
      • Spatial representation
      • Architecture
      • Surveillance infrastructure
      • Military doctrine
      • Military systems
  • About
Light mode
03:12
Kate Crawford and Vladan Joler (2023)